{"id":2424,"date":"2020-12-25T07:51:44","date_gmt":"2020-12-25T07:51:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/?p=2424"},"modified":"2021-12-24T03:48:25","modified_gmt":"2021-12-24T03:48:25","slug":"false-flowers-the-poinsettia-plant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/false-flowers-the-poinsettia-plant\/","title":{"rendered":"Fale\u0161n\u00e9 kv\u011bty! V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed hv\u011bzda."},"content":{"rendered":"
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V p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed jste tuto vzhledov\u011b jedine\u010dnou rostlinu bezpochyby zahl\u00e9dli v kv\u011btina\u0159stv\u00edch \u010di zahradn\u00edch centrech. Co je vlastn\u011b za\u010d? Odkud se vzala? Poj\u010fme se na to pod\u00edvat!<\/p>

Prvn\u00ed, \u010deho si pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u011b v\u0161imnete, jsou obrovsk\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 kv\u011bty. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ony d\u011blaj\u00ed z t\u00e9to rostliny symbol V\u00e1noc. Ale po\u010dkejte, jsou to opravdu kv\u011bty? Kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1te zbl\u00edzka, zijst\u00edte, \u017ee alespo\u0148 spodn\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 \"okv\u011btn\u00ed l\u00edstky\" jsou zhruba stejn\u011b velk\u00e9, jako zelen\u00e9 listy na t\u00e9\u017ee rostlin\u011b. Te\u010f p\u0159eje\u010fte zrakem sm\u011brem nahoru a v\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee ony \u010derven\u00e9 \"okv\u011btn\u00ed l\u00edstky\" se u vrcholu zmen\u0161uj\u00ed. V m\u00edst\u011b kde jsou nejmen\u0161\u00ed jsou kolem stonku uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny v kruhu. V z\u00e1vislosti na st\u00e1diu v\u00fdvoje rostliny pak m\u016f\u017eete na vrcholku stonku vid\u011bt skupinku zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f: vypadaj\u00ed jako zelen\u00e9, \u017elut\u00e9, \u010di \u010derven\u00e9 pupeny!<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jakmile se pupenovit\u00e9 \u00fatvary otev\u0159ou, uvid\u00edte, \u017ee z nich vykukuje n\u011bkolik \u010derven\u00fdch nitek se \u017elut\u00fdmi \u0161pi\u010dkami. To jsou kv\u011btn\u00ed ty\u010dinky, sam\u010d\u00ed pohlavn\u00ed org\u00e1n nesouc\u00ed pyl. Jeden sami\u010d\u00ed kv\u011bt vy\u010dn\u00edv\u00e1 uprost\u0159ed, obklopen n\u011bkolika sam\u010d\u00edmi kv\u011bty. Ale okv\u011btn\u00ed listy nejsou nikde k nalezen\u00ed! Tomuto slo\u017een\u00e9mu kv\u011btenstv\u00ed se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 cyathium<\/strong> (v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle cyathia<\/strong>).<\/p>

Dal\u0161\u00ed znak, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, je \u017elut\u00fd \u00fatvar, vyr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed z jedn\u00e9 strany cyathia, p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed rty. Jedn\u00e1 se o nektarium, \u017el\u00e1zy produkuj\u00edc\u00ed nektar, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b k l\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed hmyzu za \u00fa\u010delem opylov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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cyathium pod mikroskopem<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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A te\u010f se vra\u0165me zp\u011bt k t\u011bm \u010derven\u00fdm list\u016fm. U\u017e v\u00edme, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 o kv\u011bty, ale vypadaj\u00ed jako listy, tak co to teda je? Jsou to listeny<\/strong> - modifikovan\u00e9 listy oblopuj\u00edc\u00ed kv\u011bty! \u010cerven\u00e9 listeny se objev\u00ed na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u011b pouze p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e je rostlina p\u0159ipravena kv\u00e9st.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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A te\u010f n\u011bco, co si m\u016f\u017eete vyzkou\u0161et: nasa\u010fte si gumov\u00e9 rukavice a ulomte z rostliny jeden list. V\u0161imn\u011bte si, co z rostliny na m\u00edst\u011b zlomu vyt\u00e9k\u00e1. Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fd, b\u00edl\u00fd latex! P\u0159\u00edtomnost latexu vede u n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed k p\u0159edstav\u00e1m, \u017ee v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed hv\u011bzda je vysoce jedovat\u00e1 pro lidi i zv\u00ed\u0159ata (u mnoho rostlin s latexem je to obava opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e1). Av\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed hv\u011bzdy je to pouze f\u00e1ma. P\u0159esto\u017ee citliv\u00ed lid\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt po kontaktu s latexem ko\u017en\u00ed reakci, \u010di podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd \u017ealudek po po\u017eit\u00ed, rostlina nen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bku ani zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1. I tak v\u00e1m doporu\u010dujeme b\u00fdt opatrn\u00ed a rad\u011bji p\u0159i manipulaci pou\u017e\u00edvat gumov\u00e9 rukavice. A rad\u011bji ji ani neochutn\u00e1vejte!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fd latex vyt\u00e9k\u00e1 v m\u00edst\u011b odlomen\u00e9ho listu<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tato rostlina roste p\u0159irozen\u011b v Mexiku a Guatemale, v such\u00fdch tropick\u00fdch les\u00edch. P\u0159\u00edtomost cyathia, spolu s charakteristick\u00fdm latexem, p\u0159im\u011blo botanisty um\u00edstit rostlinu do rodu Euphorbia<\/em> (pry\u0161ec), jako druh Euphorbia pulcherrima<\/em> (pry\u0161ec n\u00e1dhern\u00fd). Rod Euphorbia zahrnuje celkem p\u0159es 2000 r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f! Najdete zde rostliny, kter\u00e9 vypadaj\u00ed jako sukulenty, mal\u00e9 stromy, byliny a n\u011bkter\u00e9 dokonce p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed kaktusy! A\u0165 u\u017e vypadaj\u00ed jakkoliv, jedno maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9\" produkuj\u00ed cyathia a latex. P\u00e1r jin\u00fdch druh\u016f pry\u0161c\u016f maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 i zbarven\u00e9 listeny, ony \"fale\u0161n\u00e9 kv\u011bty\".<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

You\u2019ve probably seen this distinctive plant in stores and garden centers during the Christmas season. What is it? Where did it come from? Let\u2019s have a look! The first thing you\u2019ll probably notice is the feature makes this such an attractive plant at Christmas: those large red flowers. But wait, is that what those are? […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2450,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-flora"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/poinsettia-4648025_1920.jpg",1920,1280,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/poinsettia-4648025_1920-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/poinsettia-4648025_1920-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/poinsettia-4648025_1920-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/poinsettia-4648025_1920-1024x683.jpg",1024,683,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/poinsettia-4648025_1920-1536x1024.jpg",1536,1024,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/poinsettia-4648025_1920.jpg",1920,1280,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/poinsettia-4648025_1920.jpg",18,12,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Lucie","author_link":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/author\/lucieindruchova\/"},"uagb_comment_info":2,"uagb_excerpt":"You\u2019ve probably seen this distinctive plant in stores and garden centers during the Christmas season. What is it? Where did it come from? Let\u2019s have a look! The first thing you\u2019ll probably notice is the feature makes this such an attractive plant at Christmas: those large red flowers. But wait, is that what those are?…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2424"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2783,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2424\/revisions\/2783"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}