{"id":683,"date":"2020-08-19T02:06:41","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T02:06:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/?p=683"},"modified":"2021-12-15T05:39:24","modified_gmt":"2021-12-15T05:39:24","slug":"cellarspiders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/cellarspiders\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0159esavky"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

T\u0159esavkovit\u00ed jsou pavouci, kte\u0159\u00ed se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Mo\u017en\u00e1 u\u017e je zn\u00e1te d\u00edky jejich typick\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy si buduj\u00ed a posl\u00e9ze ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed voln\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b v roz\u00edch pokoj\u016f, nej\u010dast\u011bji na rozhran\u00ed stropu a zdi. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm druhem t\u0159esavkovit\u00fdch je T\u0159esavka velk\u00e1 (<\/span>Pholcus phalangioides<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>), kter\u00e1 je vyobrazena na ilustraci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Jak pozn\u00e1te, \u017ee pavouk u v\u00e1s doma je pr\u00e1v\u011b tento druh?<\/b><\/p>

T\u0159emi hlavn\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

1) extr\u00e9mn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 nohy, n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samotn\u00e9 t\u011blo<\/p>

2) the <\/span>abdomen <\/b>(the hind part of the body, with no legs) is shaped like a long oval, not a sphere\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

3) hlavohru\u010f (cephalothorax z latinsk\u00e9ho cephalo = hlava; thorax = hru\u010f), p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla s nohama, je sv\u011btle zbarven\u00e1m s tmav\u00fdm ov\u00e1ln\u00fdm nebo trojuheln\u00edkov\u00fdm zna\u010den\u00edm uprost\u0159ed<\/p>

Pln\u011b vyvinut\u00e9 t\u011blo je dlouh\u00e9 asi 1 cm (bez nohou). Tito pavouci jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eni v budov\u00e1ch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. D\u016fkazy o jejich roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee se do sv\u011bta necht\u011bn\u011b zavl\u00e9kli z ji\u017en\u00ed Evropy.<\/span><\/p>

We know that many species that are close relatives of these spiders are found in caves and hollow trees in the wild, but there are a few, including <\/span>Pholcus phalangioides<\/span><\/i>, that we only find living in man-made structures.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Spo\u010d\u00edtejte vaj\u00ed\u010dka, ne\u017e se vyl\u00edhnou!<\/b><\/p>

Occasionally you might notice something that appears to be a third, spherical body segment that has grown underneath the spider. This is not part of the body, but is an <\/span>egg sac<\/b>, a group of eggs that (in this species) the female lays and loosely binds with silk. You can easily see the individual eggs when you look closely\u2014count how many you see! Also, while you are up close, notice how the egg sac is being held by the mother spider: she carries it using her <\/span>chelicerae<\/b>\u00a0(singular: <\/span>chelicera<\/b>). Chelicerae are special types of jaws that spiders and their relatives have, which are normally used for feeding (each chelicera is tipped with a fang), but in this case the female is using these structures for a different purpose: holding on to her young.<\/span><\/p>

Jestli se v\u00e1m po\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed zahl\u00e9dnout u v\u00e1s doma pavouka s vaje\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00e1\u010dkem, ka\u017ed\u00fd den ho pravideln\u011b pozorujte, proto\u017ee tyto vaj\u00ed\u010dka se brzy vyl\u00edhnou! Pod\u00edvejte se na foto s mali\u010dk\u00fdmi pavou\u010dky, kter\u00e9 jsme zachytili t\u011bsn\u011b po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed. Kolik jich napo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1te? A kolik maj\u00ed nohou?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Pholcus phalangioides<\/i> with spiderlings<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

So if you see a Pholcus phalangioides<\/i> without an egg sac, how do you know whether it\u2019s a male or a female? Like most spiders, this can be very difficult if the individual is not fully grown, since they haven\u2019t yet developed obvious differences. However, if it\u2019s a large individual, look at the front of the body: there is a pair of short leg-like appendages called pedipalps<\/b>. In the male, unlike the female, these end in boxing-glove-like structures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Strange behavior<\/b><\/p>

When disturbed, these leggy beasts often make a strange gyrating motion while in their web. You can stimulate them to do this quite easily: just poke a finger (use a pencil if you\u2019re apprehensive!) into their web and they will begin vibrating wildly, sometimes for more than a minute. But why do they do it? This is a phrase we use often when speaking about insects and spiders: <\/span>we don\u2019t know why<\/span><\/i>. Plausible ideas have been put forth, such as i) confusing potential predators of the spiders, or ii) that the motion caused by the web may help the spider tangle up an approaching insect. These sorts of behaviors are, in fact, incredibly difficult to conclusively explain. Think about how you might arrive at such knowledge: it would have to involve a huge number of observations under variable conditions, as well as some experimentation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Should you get rid of cellar spiders?<\/b><\/p>

If you can tolerate their presence, these sedentary spiders can actually be beneficial to have around as they can not only reduce the number of pesky flying and crawling insects, but can even prey on other, sometimes dangerous, spiders. They are known to engage in a very unusual behavior: they will wander a short distance from their own web and bait another spider into attacking them by mimicking the motions of a prey item, at which point they kill and eat the unsuspecting spider!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Do cellar spiders bite?<\/b><\/p>

The venom of these spiders is no more toxic than that of an average spider (almost all spiders have venom glands!). These spiders, also like most others, do have fangs and in large individuals these are technically capable of piercing human skin. However, these spiders are not at all aggressive and bites are exceedingly rare and produce nothing more than a short-lived stinging sensation. We are happy to help dispel a pernicious myth: many people repeat the claim that these are the most venomous spiders in the world, but that their fangs are too small to bite humans. <\/span>This is completely untrue<\/i><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>

If you don\u2019t look very closely, you might confuse these spiders with another group of animals often called \u201cdaddy long-legs\u201d or \u201cgranddaddy long-legs,\u201d the harvestmen (order Opiliones). These have an oval body that looks like a single segment (not two segments as in spiders), and they have no fangs or venom glands. Unfortunately, the above myth often gets applied to them as well!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cellar spiders, sometimes called daddy long-legs spiders, are common across the world; you may already recognize them because of their conspicuous habit of creating and hanging from a loose web, what you might call a cobweb, in that neglected corner of your room. By far the most common type is the one pictured here, whose […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2305,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"boxed-container","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"disabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fauna","post_format-post-format-image"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pholcus_phalangioides_painting_LG_watermarked-scaled.jpg",2560,1799,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pholcus_phalangioides_painting_LG_watermarked-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pholcus_phalangioides_painting_LG_watermarked-300x211.jpg",300,211,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pholcus_phalangioides_painting_LG_watermarked-768x540.jpg",768,540,true],"large":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pholcus_phalangioides_painting_LG_watermarked-1024x720.jpg",1024,720,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pholcus_phalangioides_painting_LG_watermarked-1536x1079.jpg",1536,1079,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pholcus_phalangioides_painting_LG_watermarked-2048x1439.jpg",2048,1439,true],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Pholcus_phalangioides_painting_LG_watermarked-scaled.jpg",18,12,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Lucie","author_link":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/author\/lucieindruchova\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Cellar spiders, sometimes called daddy long-legs spiders, are common across the world; you may already recognize them because of their conspicuous habit of creating and hanging from a loose web, what you might call a cobweb, in that neglected corner of your room. By far the most common type is the one pictured here, whose…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=683"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2745,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions\/2745"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/natureclearly.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}